AI-Driven Pathways for Sustainable Smart Buildings


Buildings account for nearly 40% of global energy consumption, making them a critical focus for sustainability research. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with smart architecture has emerged as a transformative strategy to create eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and intelligent spaces. By leveraging advanced algorithms and real-time data analytics, intelligent buildings can optimize energy use, reduce operational costs, and significantly lower carbon emissions. This research explores the intersection of AI, machine learning, and renewable energy integration within smart buildings, highlighting their collective role in shaping the future of sustainable urban environments.

AI and Energy Management in Smart Buildings

The deployment of AI technologies in smart buildings has revolutionized energy management. Machine learning models analyze data collected from sensors and building management systems to identify consumption patterns and predict energy needs. This dynamic approach ensures optimal resource allocation while minimizing wastage. Predictive models enable proactive adjustments to HVAC systems, lighting, and energy storage, fostering efficiency without compromising comfort. Research into energy management algorithms continues to expand the possibilities of achieving near-zero energy buildings.

Machine Learning for Predictive Maintenance and Occupant Comfort

Smart buildings generate massive datasets from daily operations, providing opportunities for predictive analytics. AI algorithms such as Random Forest and Support Vector Machines (SVM) can forecast equipment failures, enabling predictive maintenance that reduces downtime and extends asset life. Moreover, occupant comfort is tailored using intelligent controls that adapt to behavioral trends, temperature preferences, and occupancy levels. Research on this dual application of AI—predictive maintenance and personalized comfort—illustrates its potential to balance sustainability with user well-being.

Role of Green AI in Sustainable Architecture

Green AI emphasizes designing energy-efficient AI models that minimize computational costs and carbon footprints. While AI enhances building intelligence, its own environmental impact must be addressed. Research in this field focuses on lightweight algorithms, reduced training times, and energy-aware computing strategies. The convergence of green AI and smart architecture ensures that sustainability is not only achieved through building operations but also embedded within the AI systems themselves. This perspective opens new research directions toward sustainable computational architectures.

Renewable Energy Integration and Smart Energy Frameworks

The inclusion of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind in smart buildings creates synergistic benefits. AI-driven energy management systems dynamically allocate renewable energy, balance loads, and optimize storage solutions. Research indicates that coupling renewables with smart frameworks enhances building resilience while reducing reliance on non-renewable sources. On a broader scale, this integration contributes to greener cities, aligning with global efforts to transition to sustainable energy networks.

Advanced Algorithms and Feature Selection in Building Sustainability

Machine learning algorithms, including K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), XGBoost, AdaBoost, and Naive Bayes, offer robust frameworks for predictive modeling in building sustainability research. However, the effectiveness of these models depends heavily on the relevance of input features. The use of ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) in feature selection ensures that only the most impactful attributes are included, improving both model accuracy and computational efficiency. Research in this area demonstrates how advanced analytics can streamline building management systems while conserving resources.

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