Integrative In-Situ and Occupant-Centric Approaches for Evaluating Building Energy Performance
Building energy performance during the operational phase is shaped by a complex interplay between physical structures, technical systems, and human behavior. As operational energy use represents a substantial share of global energy demand and carbon emissions, accurately evaluating real-world performance has become a priority—particularly under emerging performance-based regulatory frameworks. This review addresses the limitations of conventional measurement approaches by examining how envelope characteristics, indoor environmental conditions, energy flows, and occupant behaviors can be assessed in an integrated manner. Challenges in Capturing Operational Energy Performance Traditional building performance evaluation methods often isolate individual factors such as energy consumption or thermal comfort, failing to capture their interdependencies. This fragmented approach overlooks the synergistic effects between building envelopes, indoor conditions, on-site energy production, and o...