Parametric Multi-Objective Optimization of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Façades
Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) façades play a critical role in advancing net-zero and energy-positive building strategies by simultaneously serving as envelope elements and renewable energy generators. However, optimizing BIPV façades is challenging due to competing performance objectives, particularly photovoltaic energy generation and indoor daylighting quality. This study proposes a parametric optimization framework to systematically address these trade-offs during early-stage design. Challenges in Balancing Energy Generation and Daylighting Façade design decisions, such as window-to-wall ratio (WWR), directly influence solar exposure on opaque surfaces for photovoltaic efficiency while also affecting indoor daylight availability and visual comfort. Increasing PV-active areas often reduces daylight penetration, whereas excessive glazing can compromise energy generation potential. These conflicting requirements necessitate a multi-objective optimization approach. Paramet...