Empowering Digital Transformation in Higher Education: Effectiveness of Asynchronous Online Learning in Architecture Pedagogy
The rapid digital transformation of higher education has reshaped pedagogical approaches across disciplines, with architecture education facing distinct challenges due to its studio-based, practice-oriented nature. Asynchronous online learning has emerged as a key instructional model, offering flexibility and scalability while challenging traditional modes of interaction, critique, and design development. This study examines the effectiveness of asynchronous learning environments in architecture pedagogy, focusing on how digital platforms support learning outcomes, student engagement, and design cognition. Context of Digital Transformation in Architecture Education Architecture education has historically relied on face-to-face studios, physical models, and real-time critique. The shift toward digital platforms has accelerated the adoption of online tools for content delivery, design communication, and collaboration. Within this context, asynchronous learning represents a significant...