Stochastic Operation–Based Optimization of Office Building Envelope Thermal Performance
Achieving an effective balance between indoor thermal comfort and operational energy consumption is a core objective of building thermal performance design. Conventional envelope design methods typically rely on fixed occupancy and operation schedules, overlooking the inherent randomness of real building use. This limitation often leads to inaccurate performance estimations and suboptimal design decisions. This study addresses this gap by integrating stochastic building operation behavior into the thermal optimization design of office building envelopes. Limitations of Deterministic Thermal Design Approaches Traditional thermal design practices assume predefined schedules for air-conditioning use and window operation, which fail to capture the variability of occupant behavior and operational uncertainty. Such deterministic assumptions can distort predictions of heating and cooling loads, ultimately affecting indoor comfort and energy efficiency. Recognizing these limitations provide...