Wise City Approach for Heritage-Sensitive Architectural Design Using 3D GIS
The rapid diffusion of digital technologies has reshaped urban planning through data-driven and smart city paradigms. However, these approaches often overlook cultural continuity and contextual sensitivity, particularly in historic urban environments. This study responds to this gap by introducing a “wise city” approach that prioritizes heritage values while leveraging advanced digital tools. Focusing on architectural decision-making, the research positions 3D GIS as a bridge between technological efficiency and cultural preservation.
Conceptual Framework of the Wise City in Heritage Contexts
Unlike smart city models that emphasize efficiency and automation, the wise city concept integrates spatial knowledge, historical continuity, and place identity. Within this framework, architectural design is informed not only by present-day data but also by temporal layers of heritage significance. This study narrows the broader wise city framework to its architectural dimension, demonstrating how spatial intelligence can guide context-aware design in historic areas.
Role of 3D GIS in Heritage-Sensitive Design
3D Geographic Information Systems enable the integration of spatial, visual, and temporal datasets into a unified analytical environment. In heritage contexts, this allows designers to simulate development scenarios while assessing their visual and spatial impacts on historic assets. By combining quantitative analysis with contextual interpretation, 3D GIS supports informed and transparent architectural decision-making.
Methodological Approach and Visibility Analysis
The research employs a GIS-based workflow grounded in the London View Management Framework (LVMF). Visibility analyses were conducted using ArcGIS and CityEngine to evaluate multiple building height scenarios. Key viewpoints were selected to assess how new architectural interventions interact visually with heritage landmarks, ensuring that design decisions are supported by measurable spatial evidence.
Pilot Application: Kurşunlu Han, Istanbul
A pilot study at Kurşunlu Han in Istanbul was undertaken to validate the proposed approach. Through 3D simulations and visibility analysis at three critical viewpoints, the study quantified the visual impact of varying building heights. The results highlighted how design alternatives can either preserve or disrupt historical continuity and visual integrity, demonstrating the practical value of the wise city methodology.
Implications for Architectural Decision Support
The findings confirm that 3D GIS-based visibility analysis can function as an effective decision-support tool in heritage-sensitive architectural design. Rather than replacing design judgment, the wise city approach enhances it by embedding cultural and visual considerations into digital workflows. This research establishes a scalable foundation for integrating spatial intelligence into future heritage-oriented urban design practices.
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