High-Performance Glass Pervious Concrete: Material Innovation, Structural Optimization, and Sustainability Evaluation
The recycling of waste glass presents a promising yet underutilized opportunity in sustainable construction materials due to challenges associated with alkali–silica reaction (ASR). This study introduces a comprehensive approach to developing high-performance glass pervious concrete (HPGPC), integrating material innovation, structural optimization, and multi-dimensional sustainability assessment. By combining waste glass powder in ultra-high-strength mortar and introducing a reinforced ternary composite cover, the research addresses both durability and load-bearing limitations typically found in pervious concrete applications.
Material Design Using Waste Glass Powder for Enhanced Bonding
A central focus of the research lies in the development of an ultra-high-strength mortar formulated with waste glass powder, aimed at improving aggregate bonding within HPGPC. This innovative material design strategy allows the integration of up to 20% waste glass aggregates while maintaining compressive strength exceeding 50 MPa. The mortar not only mitigates ASR risk but also effectively modifies pore characteristics, demonstrating how strategic material engineering can transform waste into high-value construction components.
Structural Optimization Through Ternary Composite Reinforced Covers
To address mechanical limitations of conventional pervious concrete, a robust ternary composite cover reinforced with steel was proposed and evaluated. This structural enhancement significantly increased load-bearing capacity, enabling HPGPC covers to satisfy Class F performance requirements under the FACTA standard. The integration of steel reinforcement within a multi-layer composite system highlights the feasibility of using optimized pervious concrete in demanding engineering environments, including pavements and infrastructure applications.
Pore Structure Characterization Using X-ray CT and Seepage Simulation
The study utilized advanced X-ray CT scanning to analyze and quantify pore structure evolution under varied mortar proportions. Results revealed that regulating ultra-high-strength mortar content effectively increases interconnected porosity, enlarges throat equivalent diameter, enhances coordination number, and reduces isolated pore zones. Complementary seepage simulations confirmed strong correlations between permeability coefficients and pore metrics such as tortuosity, connected porosity, and throat size—providing a mechanistic understanding of fluid transport behavior in HPGPC.
Life Cycle Assessment for Structural and Environmental Optimization
A combined environmental and social life cycle assessment (E-LCA and S-LCA) was employed to evaluate optimal cover configurations and overall sustainability performance. The ternary composite-reinforced HPGPC covers demonstrated superior outcomes related to economic costs, greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and social sustainability indicators. These results affirm that the material and structural design strategies deliver not only high technical performance but also measurable environmental and social benefits.
Pilot-Scale Demonstration and On-Site Performance Validation
A pilot-scale implementation validated the engineering feasibility of the proposed HPGPC system. On-site monitoring confirmed excellent mechanical performance, satisfactory permeability, and structural durability under real-world conditions. The practical demonstration underscores the readiness of HPGPC for broader adoption in sustainable infrastructure applications and provides strong evidence for scaling the technology toward commercial deployment.
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