Architectural Plan Logic and Systematization

Architectural plan types shape both the expression and the functional efficiency of a building, making them a central subject in architectural research. Traditional classifications often depend on personal experience or historical precedents, creating a fragmented understanding. This study revisits the foundations of architectural plan types and reconstructs them through a logical lens. By establishing a basic plan library derived from regular polygon systems and grid systems, the work proposes 18 universal plan types capable of generating complex forms. A preliminary evaluation method, using indicators such as concentration, symmetry, and complexity, helps analyse these plan types with greater precision. The study’s systematic framework supports design exploration across architecture, urban morphology, visual graphics, and product design.

Logical Reconstruction of Plan Types

This research proposes a logical pathway for rethinking architectural plan types by moving beyond subjective judgments and historical intuition. It develops a structured method that clarifies how plan forms originate and evolve. Through an analytical breakdown of geometric behaviour and spatial structure, the study crafts a classification system rooted in consistent principles. This logical reconstruction brings clarity to design processes, allowing architects to work with foundational rules that remain adaptable to diverse cultural and technological contexts.

The Dual-System Framework: Polygon and Grid

At the core of the study is a two-system framework: the regular polygon system and the grid system. These systems represent two fundamental modes through which architectural spaces have historically been organized. Regular polygons generate centralized forms with strong orientation, while grid-based systems offer scalable, modular, and flexible layouts. The intersection of these systems reveals how much of architectural morphology can be traced back to a limited number of primal geometries, each offering distinct spatial qualities.

Establishing the 18-Type Basic Plan Library

The study formulates a library of 18 basic architectural plan types derived from the dual-system framework. Each plan type represents an essential spatial logic that can be extended, combined, or transformed to produce more complex architectural forms. The library acts as a toolkit for researchers and designers, enabling analytical comparison and creative manipulation. By grounding each type in geometric clarity, the library becomes a universal reference for both conceptual exploration and practical design.

Evaluation Indicators for Plan Characteristics

To assess the performance and identity of each basic plan type, the study introduces evaluation indicators based on concentration, symmetry, and complexity. These indicators offer a measurable way to compare diverse plan configurations, capturing both their visual behaviour and spatial potential. Concentration helps identify focal tendencies, symmetry reveals organizational balance, and complexity measures form richness and variability. Together, they form an early-stage assessment model that enhances architectural analysis and supports data-informed design.

Universality and Applications in Design Fields

The universality of the proposed plan types is demonstrated through examples from both historical and modern architecture. Their recurrence across cultures and eras shows that these forms reflect fundamental spatial principles. This universality extends the relevance of the plan library to multiple disciplines, including urban design, graphic design, and product design. By offering a systematic toolkit, the study enables designers in various fields to harness geometric logic for better-informed decisions and more expressive outcomes.

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